Retainer



.A. MULLER March 28; 1950 RETAINER Filed Dec. 12, 1947 .C) was. 2,

.e lw

BY I MOQ/VEY Patented Mar. 28, 1950 RETAINER Alois Muller, New York, N. Y., assignor to Pneumatic Tool Sales & Repair 00., Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application December 12, 1947, Serial No. 791,240

4 Claims. (Cl. 27919.6)

a tool or bit may be easily and quickly putin retained position or removed from such position for the purpose of entirely removing the tool or hit and substituting a new tool or bit therefor.

A further object of the invention is to devise a construction of the character described which will be simple, inexpensive and quickly and easily operated. Q Otherobjects and advantages will appear as the description of the particular physical embodiment selected to illustrate the invention progresses and the novel features of the invention will be particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In describing the invention in detail, and the particular embodiments selected to illustrate the invention, reference is had to the accompanying drawing, wherein has been illustrated a particular preferred physical embodiment of the invention and a modification thereof, and wherein like characters of reference designate corresponding parts throughout the several views, and in which Fig. 1 is a side elevational View of a fragment of a mechanism for giving successive strokes to the end of the tool or bit with some of the parts shown in section and a fragment of the tool or bit'holder shown in place; Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the device as shown by Fig. 1 an the plane indicated by the line II-II, viewed in the direction of the arrows at the ends of the line; Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view of the device as shown by Fig. 2 on the plane indicated by the line III-III, viewed in the direction of the arrows at the ends of the line; Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 but with the bit retaining device rotated to a different position; Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view illustrating the bit retainer of Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5 but illustrating a different position of keys serving to retain the bit retainer in place; Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view similar to a portion of Fig. 2, but illustrating a modified form of construction; Fig.

sis a'cross sectional view of the device of Fig. 7 55 on the plane indicated by the line VIlI-VIII, viewed in the direction of the arrows at the ends of the line; Fig. 9 illustrates a feather or key of the form used in the device of Figs. '7 and 8; Fig. 10 is a cross sectional view of the key as shown by Fig. 9 on the plane indicated by the line X-X of Fig. 9, viewed in the direction of the arrows at the ends of the line.

Those familiar with percussion tools, especially fluid pressure or pneumatic percussion tools, know that the bit which is operated upon by the percussion device must be so combined with the percussion device that if the tool or bit is given a hammer blow at a time when there is no resistance opposing the point of the tool or bit, it will not be thrown bodily some distance with the likelihood of injuring the tool or some bystander. Various devices have been devised to secure the desired result, but many, if not all, of them fail because of their complexity, expense or difliculty of manipulation. Applicants device requires a minimum of change in the usual or ordinary percussion mechanism, such as a pneumatic drill, in order to be combined with applicants bit retainer and a bit retainer is of extremely simple construction and exceedingly easy to remove and replace thereby allowing change of bits to be easily accomplished.

In Fig. 1, numeral I designates one end of a percussion device such as a pneumatic drill. This may well be of the ordinary and well known form of construction just so long as it is provided at its extreme end, as 2, with a substantially cylindrical portion for a short distance. The only change necessary in the percussion tool i is to form cavities or keyways, such as 3 and 4, in the extreme cylindrical end 2 of the percussion tool .l in order to take advantage of my invention.

A conventional tool or bit holder 5 is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and a conventional bit or drill is indicated at 6. The bit holder has an inner end I which. is adapted to be positioned in the inner end of the percussion tool I and to be struckby the usual reciprocating membertherein. The holder has a shoulder 8 thereon which may be in the form of an annulus surrounding the body of" the bit holder. This shoulder 8 is adapted and positioned to come in contact with a stop surface 9 of my bit retainer so that if there is no resistance offered to the outer end of the drill, such as 6. the bit holder 5 and the bit cannot be thrown or driven clear of the percussion tool. The construction is such, however, that the bit holder 5 cannot be removed until stop surface 9 has been displaced. It is, of course, to be understood that bit 6, itself, will not be projected from the holder if not opposed by a resistance at a time when the holder is struck by the percussion tool I, as it wedges quite tightly into the holder.

The top surface 9 is a part of my improved retainer. The main body of the retainer ii) is substantially a hollow cylinder adapted to receive the end 2 of the percussion device I and to fit closely thereon, as shown in the drawings. The retainer has a limit shoulder H which. limits the amount which the tool I may enter the retainer and so positions it in One direction. The retainer ill is formed with through, slots as [2 and I3. Each of these slots receives a.

4' for such a construction are shown in Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10. The general arrangement of the keys and slots in the modified form of Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are substantially the same as those in the previously described figures, but in the Figures 7 to 10 inclusive, each key, as 29 and 30, is made with a shoulder, as 3! and 32, and each of the .slots is madewith a corresponding, shoulder as .handedly, but not left handedly, when the keys 29 and are in the slots of the end 36 of the feather or key, as M and I5. The keys M and" 15 each have a greater thickness than the thickness of the wall of the retainer it throughwhich percussion tool.

It is'obvious thatthe walls of the cavities in the tool and the walls of the slots in the retainer 1-0 and the contacting surfaces of the keys I4 and IS with the walls are all flat surfaces, parallel with each other and at a right angle to the longithey pass and so will normally extend inwardly of the circle it of the outside of the end 2 of the tool I so that ifproperly positioned one would rest in one keyway 3 and the other in the other keyway 4 of the end 2 of the tool I, and would thus lock the retainer and the tool together. In order to retain the keys l4 and I5 in the slots 3 and 4 an annular spring I! positioned in an annular-recess or groove E8 of the retainer presses against the outer periphery of each of the keys and forces them home. This ke spring I! is not'a complete annulus as there is a gap 19 therein. Within the. gap f9" is positioned a pin 2a inserted in a cavity in the retainer Ill.

When the retainer I'll is in place on the end of the tool I the keys M and f5 fit in the slots 3 and l as well shown in Fig'3.

It will be noticed that the slots 3 and 4 have gradually outwardly curved end surfaces at each end as at 2% and 22', and 23 and. 24and the keys having sloping. end surfaces, so that by firmly grasping the retainer Ill and exerting a torque thereon it may be rotated relatively to the end 2 of the tool l so as to bring the keysv l4 and [5 out of the slots 3' and 4 and into the position as shown in Figs. 4' and 5, so that then the retainer Ill may be removed by being pushed longitudinally of the somewhat beveled or rounded, as at 2"! and 28, so

that when they are forcibly pushed into contact with the end 2" of the tool 1 they maybe forced outwardly against the tension of the spring l1. After-the retainer H! has been pushed to the limit. determined by surface II it is then rotated until the keys l4 and l5'drop into the slots, as3 and 4..

The position of the keys in relation'to the end.

2' of. the tool I when the retainer hasbeen rotated,

as" illustrated. in Fig. l, is also illustrated in Fig; 5'.

In Fig; 6 the lines 27' and 28" indicate the position of the keys after the retainer has been removed from theend 2 of the tool I and they have been moved by the spring ll inwardly.

The retainer as illustrated by Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive is so formed in'connection with the ends of the slots 3 and 4 and the sloping surfaces at the ends of the keys that the retainer It may be rotated in either direction around the end. 2. Sometimes it is desirable to limit the rotation to one direction only. Keys and slots suitable" tudinal axis of the tool I so that when the keys are in position holding the retainer in place on the end of the tool, the tool or bit holder 5. or even the drill, if inserted without the holder 5 when it forcibly bears against the stop surface 9 of the retainer, is resisted by what is, in effect, solid metal of a strength equal" to. the tensile strength of the. retainer wall and the. tool wall as the keys, under such conditions, provide, in effect, solid metal abutting a hat face of th solid metal of the tool and the retainer;

From the above description it will be seen that I have provided a tool or bit holder retainer which is simple in construction, inexpensive to manufacture, containing no. delicate parts which are likely to get out of order or break, and which may be manipulated to be removed by a simple turning movement followed by a longitudinal movement and may be replaced by a simple longitudinal movement followed by a simple turning'movement.

Although I have particularly described one particular physical embodiment of my invention, and a modification thereof, nevertheless I desire to have it understood that the. form. selected. is merely illustrative and does not exhaust the possible physical embodiments of the idea. of meansunderlying my invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters" Patent is:

1. The combination with a percussion tool and a working tool to' be actuated thereby, of a retainer for releasably maintaining said tool on said machine said machine formed withcavi'tie's, said retainer engaging said tcol and having spring pressed members engaging saidmachine cavities, said spring pressed members and said machine cavities each being formed with sloping surfaces whereby said retainer may be rotated on said machine, the contacting faces of the spring pressed members and the walls of the cavities being parallel and at a. right angle to. the longitudinal axis of the tool.

- 2. The combination with a percussion machine of a retainer in telescoping engagement with said; machine, an annular, spring substantially en-' circ'lingsaid retainer on the. outside, said retainer formed'with through slots and said percussion machine with cavities, keys positioned in said slots. and resting in said cavities, said spring bearing on the periphery of. said keys, each of said, keys formed: with. a sloping end'face and each of said. cavities also formed with a sloping end face where-, by a rotation of the retainer causes the keys to, move against the tension of the spring out of the cavities in thepercussion machine whereby the retainerv may be removed entirely from the ma.

chine, the contacting faces of the keys resisting relative longitudinal movement of the retainer and the tool and the corresponding contacting faces of the retainer and the tool being parallel and at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the tool.

3. The combination with a percussion machine of a retainer in telescoping engagement with said machine, an annular spring substantially encircling said retainer on the outside, said retainer formed with through slots and said percussion machine with cavities, keys positioned in said slots and resting in said cavities, said spring bearing on the periphery of said keys, each of said keys formed with one sloping face and at the other end with a shoulder, each of said cavities formed at one end with a sloping face and at the other end with a shoulder cooperating with the shoulder of the key whereby the retainer may be rotated in one direction only on said machine, the contacting faces of the keys resisting relative longitudinal movement of the retainer and the tool and the corresponding contacting faces of the retainer and the tool being parallel and at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the tool.

4. The combination with a percussion machine of a retainer in telescoping engagement with said machine, an annular spring substantially encircling said retainer on the outside, said retainer formed with through slots and said percussion machine with cavities, keys positioned in said slots and resting in said cavities, said spring bearingon the periphery of said keys, each of said keysformed with a sloping end face and each of said cavities also formed with a sloping end face whereby a rotation of the retainer causes the keys to'move against the tension of the spring out of the cavities in the percussion machine whereby the retainer may be removed entirely frcmfthe' tacting faces of the retainer and the tool being.

parallel and at a right angle to the longitudinal axisof the tool.

ALOIS MULLER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name I Date 1,140,536 Shipler May 25, 1915 1,524,251 Jimerson Jan. 2'7, 1925 2,333,405 Appton Nov. 2, 1943 

